Educational gender gaps

Community Poverty, Industrialization, and Educational Gender Gaps in Rural China

This paper investigates community impoverishment and industrialization as explanations for educational gender gaps in rural China with analysis of a multi-province household survey and a longitudinal study of youth in one impoverished province. We consider attributes of poor communities that might shape gaps and the related roles of household and community poverty. Three major results emerge fr...

Are educational gender gaps a brake on economic development? Some cross-country empirical evidence

This paper estimates a neoclassical growth model that includes female and male education as separate explanatory variables. The model can be reparameterised so that the gender gap in education enters the model. The interpretation of its coefficient depends crucially on what other education variables appear in the equation. The average longrun effects of female and male education on output per w...

Educational Testing: Measuring and Remedying Achievement Gaps

Achievement gaps, as measured by standardized tests, are inextricably related to educational goals, standards, norms, and benchmarks for student learning outcomes. I revisit conventional approaches to educational testing to measure achievement gaps—norm-referenced, criterion-referenced, and potential-referenced tests. I explore and discuss a paradigm shift from “passive” tests to “responsive” t...

Do Gender Preference Gaps Impact Policy Outcomes?

Gender Gaps in Science: The Creativity Factor

THEODORE P. HILL AND ERIKA ROGERS T he underrepresentation of women in the mathemat ically intensive sciences (hereafter, for brevity, referred to as the hard sciences) has been a concern in the United States for over half a century. After the women’s movement began in the 1960s, gender gaps in many pro fessional fields decreased, and some even reversed dra matically. Currently women comprise a...